[跳到内容]
北州心脏研究所
可访问性菜单

充血性心力衰竭

什么是心力衰竭?

定义

The 心 is unable to pump the right amount of 血 through the body. This causes 血 to back up in the veins. It can lead to a buildup of excess fluid in places like the lungs and feet.

心 failure can get worse with time. 重要器官可以 因血流量过低而受损.

Blood Flow through the 心
心
Copyright © 2002 Nucleus Communications, Inc. 版权所有.

原因

The leading causes of 心 failure are:

其他常见原因包括:

Other less common causes include:

风险因素

心 failure is more common in older adults. 其他的事情 raise the risk of 心 failure include:

症状

心力衰竭会导致:

  • Shortness of breath—at first it only happens with activity, then it progresses to having shortness of breath at rest
  • 不明原因的体重增加
  • Swelling of feet, ankles, or legs
  • 需要支撑着睡觉
  • 疲劳、虚弱
  • 喘息
  • 咳嗽—may be dry and hacking or wet sounding, may have a pink, frothy sputum
  • Frequent urination, especially at night
  • 腹部疼痛

诊断

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. The doctor may note changes caused by 心 failure such as fluid build up in legs. 他们 may also hear abnormal sounds when they listen to the 心. Blood tests may be done to look for certain markers of change in the 心.

Tests can help show what parts of the 心 are affected. 他们 can also show changes in 血 flow. 这可以用:

Doctors will use the test results to determine level of 心 failure. 这将有所帮助 指导治疗计划.

治疗

The goal of treatment is to keep the symptoms from 变得更糟. 治疗可以缓解 symptoms and improve quality of life. Some may also have some improvement in 心 强度. 心 failure will need lifelong care.

治疗 will vary by person and over time. Tracking 重量 and symptoms every day will 帮助及早发现变更. Treating these changes fast may help keep 心 failure from 变得更糟.

心 failure may be caused by another health issue. Treating this issue may improve 心 failure or prevent it from 变得更糟. For any form of 心 failure, treatment may include:

药物

Medicine may be given to ease the 心's workload by:

  • 血管扩张
  • 帮助心脏跳动
  • Slowing the 心 rate and lowering 血 压力
  • 去除多余液体
  • 降低胆固醇水平

生活方式的改变

Daily habits can affect 心 health. 改变可能会有所帮助 ease stress on the 心 include:

  • 戒烟
  • 吃一个 心脏健康饮食 脂肪含量低， 高 纤维, and has lots vegetables and fruits
  • 减少盐的摄入量
  • 定期锻炼
  • 保持健康的体重
  • Avoiding alcohol or recreational drugs that may stress the 心
  • Managing and reducing stress

心脏支持和外科

心 failure may cause or be worsened by 心 rhythm problems. 除颤器或者 起搏器可以植入. 他们 give electrical shocks if the 心 starts dangerous 节奏.

Other devices can help support the 心. 他们 may be needed for a short time to help recover from an injury or illness. 他们 may also support the 心 in the last stages of 心 failure until a transplant can be done. These devices increase the amount of 血 pumped to the body without making the 心 work harder. 例子包括:

  • Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)
  • 心室辅助装置

A 心 transplant may be needed for severe 心 failure if other treatments have 没有帮助.

预防

The best way to prevent 心 failure is to reduce the risk of 心 disease, high 血 压力, and diabetes. 一般步骤包括:

  • Aiming to be active 150 minutes each week
  • 戒烟
  • 限制酒精
  • 维护一个 健康的 重量
  • 健康饮食

参考文献

  • Congestive 心 failure and congenital defects. 美国 心脏协会网站. 可以在: http://www.心.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Congenital心Defects/TheImpactofCongenital心Defects/Congestive-心-Failure%5FUCM%5F307111%5FArticle.jsp #.Wbk5j7KGNQJ.
  • 探索心力衰竭. National 心, Lung, and Blood 学院网站. 可以在: http://www.nhlbi.国家卫生研究院.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hf.
  • 心 failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). EBSCO 力学的网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/condition/心-failure-with-reduced-ejection-fraction-hfref.
  • Lifestyle changes for 心 failure. 美国心脏 协会网站. 可以在: http://www.心.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/心Failure/预防治疗of心Failure/Lifestyle-Changes-for-心-Failure%5FUCM%5F306341%5FArticle.jsp #.Wbk6sbKGNQJ.
  • Paterna,年代.帕里内洛，G.等。. 中期影响 different dosage of diuretic, sodium, and fluid administration on neurohormonal and clinical outcome in patients with recently compensated 心 failure. 美国杂志 of Cardiology, 2009; 103 (1): 93-102.
  • 要报告的物理变化. 美国心脏协会 网站. 可以在: http://www.心.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/心Failure/预防治疗of心Failure/Physical-Changes-to-Report%5FUCM%5F306356%5FArticle.jsp #.Wbk69LKGNQI.
  • 杨斯·C.W.杰瑟普，M.等。. 2013年ACCF/AHA指南 the management of 心 failure: a report of the 美国 College of Cardiology Foundation/美国心脏协会 Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 美国医学杂志 美国 College of Cardiology, 2013; 62 (16): e147-e239.
  • 4/2/2014 DynaMed Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.力学.com/quality-improvement/choosing-wisely: Updated July 23, 2015.
  • 1/18/2017 DynaMed Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.力学.com/condition/coronary-artery-disease-cad: Emdin, C.A.奥杜塔约，A., 等. Meta-analysis of 焦虑 as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. 美国 Journal of Cardiology, 2016; 118 (4): 511-519.
 
前