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高血压 / Essential 高血压

Related Media: 高血压 and the DASH 饮食

Related Media: Controlling Your 高血压

定义

高血压 (hypertension) is when the force on the blood vessel walls is too high. Blood pressure measurement includes two numbers:

  • Systolic pressure: top number, normal reading is 120 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) or less
  • Diastolic pressure: bottom number, normal reading is 80 mmHg or less

Blood pressure categories are:

  • Elevated, but not yet high blood pressure:
    • Systolic pressure is 120-129 mmHg and the
    • Diastolic pressure is 80 mmHg
  • 阶段1:
    • Systolic pressure is 130-139 mmHg and/or
    • Diastolic pressure is 80-89 mmHg
  • 阶段2:
    • Systolic pressure is greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or
    • Diastolic pressure is greater than or equal to 90 mmHg

高血压 puts stress on the 心, lungs, brain, kidneys, and blood vessels. Over time, this can cause severe health problems. Early treatment can improve outcomes.

Organs Impacted by 高血压
高血压 and organs
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

原因

The body has many steps to help keep blood pressure in a 健康的 range. It is not clear what changes happen that lead to high blood pressure. Things that may play a role are:

  • 遗传学
  • Lack of physical activity
  • 饮食
  • 超重 or obese

风险因素

This problem usually starts when a person is between 20 and 50 years of age. The risk increases with age. Other things that may raise the risk are:

  • Having other family members with this problem
  • 超重
  • 酒精使用障碍
  • 吸烟 和特许经销商
  • Use of oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
  • 不活跃的生活方式
  • 肾脏疾病
  • 糖尿病
  • A diet that is high in fat and salt
  • 压力

症状

Most people do not have symptoms until blood pressure is very high. 问题可能是:

  • 头疼
  • 模糊或重影
  • 腹部疼痛
  • 胸部疼痛
  • 呼吸急促（气促）
  • 头晕

诊断

高血压 is often found during a doctor's visit. If the reading is high, you will come back for repeat checks. 高血压 will be confirmed after more than two readings over more than two visits.

A doctor's office can make some people nervous. This can cause higher than normal blood pressure. You may be asked to measure your blood pressure at home or in another location.

治疗

The goal of treatment is to lower blood pressure. The methods used may need to be changed over time. 的选择是:

生活方式的改变

Lifestyle changes are often the first method used to lower blood pressure. 选项有:

医学

People who are not helped by lifestyle changes may need medicine. 选项有:

  • to decrease the amount of fluid in the blood
  • β-受体阻滞药 to decrease 心beat force and rate
  • 医学s that help keep blood vessels from tightening and narrowing, such as:
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
    • Angiotensin receptor blockers
    • Calcium channel blockers
    • α-受体阻滞剂
    • 血管舒张药
  • Aldosterone blockers to increase the amount of salt that is lost through urine

预防

The risk of this problem may be lowered by:

参考文献

  • 高血压. American 心 Association website. 可以在: http://www.心.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/High-Blood-Pressure-or-高血压%5FUCM%5F002020%5FSub推荐最近最火的赌博软件Page.jsp. Accessed February 10, 2021.
  • 高血压. EBSCO DynaMed网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/condition/hypertension. Accessed February 10, 2021.
  • What is high blood pressure? National 心, Lung, and Blood Institute website. 可以在: http://www.nhlbi.国家卫生研究院.gov/health-topics/high-blood-pressure. Accessed February 10, 2021.
  • Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the 预防, 检测, 评价, and Management of 高血压 in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American 心 Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018 May 15;71(19):e127.
  • 1/5/2018 DynaMed Plus Systematic Literature Surveillance http://www.力学.com/condition/hypertension: Whelton PK, Carey RM, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the 预防, 检测, 评价, and Management of 高血压 in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American 心 Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. 高血压. 2017年11月13日. [印前Epub].
  • 吸烟 both traditional and e-cigarettes may carry same 心 risks as cigarettes alone. American 心 Association website. 可以在: http://www.心.org/en/news/2022/05/06/smoking-both-traditional-and-e-cigarettes-may-carry-same-心-risks-as-cigarettes-alone.
 
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