癌症类型:脑癌

定义

脑部肿瘤 are abnormal growths in the brain.

主要有两种类型:

• Primary—A tumor starts in the brain.
• Secondary—Cancer spreads to the brain from another site in the body. 这些都是 称为脑转移瘤. 的 most common come from lung 癌症, 乳房 癌症, 黑素瘤.

脑瘤

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原因

Cancer is when 细胞 in the body split without control or order. 它们继续形成肿瘤. 的 term 癌症 refers to harmful growths. 这些增生 伤害附近组织. 的y can also spread throughout the brain or spinal cord. 事实并非如此 弄清楚原因是什么.

风险因素

A person is at higher risk of having a brain tumor if they:

• 暴露在辐射中
• Have problems with their immune system
• Have people in their family with the same problems

症状

症状 depend on the tumor's size and where it is. 越来越多的人 tumor will often have swelling around it. 这被称为脑水肿. 肿瘤或 其脑水肿可引起:

• Problems due to more pressure in the brain
• 睡意
• Problems due to the part of the brain that has the tumor

诊断

的 doctor will ask about symptoms and health history. 的 answers and a physical exam may raise concern about a brain tumor. 其他测试可能 要做的包括:

• 影像学检查，如:
  • 核磁共振成像扫描-这是最常用的 帮助诊断脑肿瘤
  • CT扫描
  • PET扫描
• 活组织检查 or craniotomy—a sample of the tumor 是在实验室研究和测试的吗

肿瘤有很多种. Test results and a biopsy will help find the type. Knowing this helps with a care plan.

治疗

Care depends on the tumor type and where it is. 有些方法可能 留下持久的问题.

Before starting care, a person may need:

• Steroids to reduce swelling and fluid buildup
• 抗癫痫药物

手术

一个人可能需要:

• 颅骨切开术-部分或全部肿瘤 removed through a hole in the skull
• Shunt—a long thin tube is placed in the brain to drain fluid to another part of the body

放射治疗

Radiation therapy uses radiation to kill 癌症 细胞. 它可能 be used after surgery to kill remaining 癌症 细胞.

• 外部辐射是 directed at the tumor from a source outside the body. 肿瘤从 another area of the body may be treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT).
• Internal—Radioactive materials are placed in the body near the 癌症 细胞. 这 脑瘤不常做吗.
• 立体定向 放射治疗 (SRS)—Higher doses of radiation can be sent to specific areas of the brain often in a single dose. 并不是所有类型都使用这种方法 肿瘤的.

化疗

化疗 使用药物来杀死癌症 细胞. 它可能 given by mouth, shots, or IV. 的 drugs enter the bloodstream and 传遍全身.

康复治疗

这 will help you get better faster. 这种治疗持续多久? takes depends on the amount of damage the tumor has caused. 治疗会有帮助 :

• Walking, balance, building strength
• Daily skills such as dressing, eating, using the toilet
• 说话或吞咽问题

预防

的re is no way to prevent a brain tumor since the cause is unknown.

参考文献

• Adult central nervous (CNS) tumors treatment (PDQ®)-health 专业版. 国家癌症研究所网站. 可以在: httpwith://www.Cancer Types.gov/types/brain/hp/adult-brain-treatment-pdq.
• Astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma in adults. EBSCO力学 网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/condition/astrocytoma-and-oligodendroglioma-in-adults.
• 脑部肿瘤. American Association of Neurological Surgeons. 可以在: http://www.感染。.org/en/病人/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-治疗s/大脑-Tumors.
• 胶质母细胞瘤. EBSCO力学网站. 可以在: http://www.力学.com/condition/glioblastoma.
• 卢卡斯,R.V. 姆鲁加拉先生.M. 关键治疗试验 infiltrating gliomas and how they affect clinical practice. Neuro Oncol Pract, 2017; 4( 4): 209-219.
• 卢卡斯,R.V.温赖特，D.A.等。. 新诊断的 glioblastoma: a review on clinical management. Oncology (Williston Park), 2019; 33 (3): 91-100.
• 颅内肿瘤概述. 默克专业手册 版本的网站. 可以在: http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/intracranial-and-spinal-tumors/overview-of-intracranial-tumors.